What is Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD)

By Dr. Elizabeth Knepp

Female Sexual Arousal Disorder

Definition
Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) occurs when a woman is continually unable to attain or maintain arousal and lubrication
during intercourse, is unable to reach orgasm, or has no desire for sexual intercourse.

Description
The disorder typically affects up to 25 percent of all American women, or an estimated 47 million women. Three-fourths of women with FSAD are postmenopausal. Women describe it as being "unable to get turned on," or being continually disinterested in sex. It is also called "frigidity."
When a woman is sexually aroused, increased blood flow to the genital area readies her body for intercourse. Vaginal lubricants are secreted, the clitoris and surrounding tissues become enlarged, and the vaginal opening gets wider. In women with
female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD), physical responses don't happen, as they should. And this isn't just a one-time or occasional occurrence. In fact, occasional failure to become aroused, or desiring sex less often than your partner, is perfectly
normal.

Stress, fatigue and anxiety can inhibit the body's response to sexual stimulation. A problem occurs when this lack of response happens persistently and on a regular basis, such as more than 25 percent of the time. With FSAD, intercourse is difficult or
impossible time after time.

The following information is designed as a basic introduction to possible FSAD causes and treatments. If you suspect you have a problem, talk with your doctor or other health care professional.

Causes
FSAD may be caused by a range of physical and/or psychological conditions, although the cause-and-effect relationship is
not well understood. Physical causes might include disorders of local organs, such as vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina) or endometriosis (a growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus). Diabetes, endocrine or hormonal problems, neurological
disorders, and certain medications (possibly oral contraceptives, antidepressants and tranquilizers) can also interfere with sexual response.

Women who have had surgery to remove their uterus or breast may have poor sexual self-image, which, in turn, can lead to FSAD. Other psychological causes might include guilt about sexual pleasure, fear of intimacy or feeling anxious. Women with
long-term FSAD may simply be unaware of genital anatomy and function and, therefore, also not aware of effective arousal patterns and techniques.

Last updated: 08 June 2006

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